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The voiceless alveolar stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar stops is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t. The dental stop can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, , the postalveolar with a retraction line, , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, . The sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically; the most common consonant phonemes of the world's languages are , and . Most languages have at least a plain , and some distinguish more than one variety. Some languages without a are Hawaiian (except for Ni‘ihau; Hawaiian uses a voiceless velar stop when adopting loanwords with ), colloquial Samoan (which also lacks an ), and Nǁng of South Africa. ==Features== Here are features of the voiceless alveolar stop: * There are four specific variants of : * * Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively ''apical'' and ''laminal''. * * Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth. * * Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively ''apical'' and ''laminal''. * * Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively ''apical'' and ''laminal''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voiceless dental and alveolar stops」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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